One way to measure an object’s mass is to measure the force it takes to accelerate the object. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it. Clouds appear to behave somewhat like gases, but they are actually mixtures of air (gas) and tiny particles of water (liquid or solid). Matter can also have properties of more than one state when it is a mixture, such as with clouds. For example, we can pour sand as if it were a liquid because it is composed of many small grains of solid sand. This can occur when the sample is composed of many small pieces. Some samples of matter appear to have properties of solids, liquids, and/or gases at the same time. Watch this video to learn more about plasma and the places you encounter it. The composite of these tiny dots of color makes up the image that you see. In a tiny cell in a plasma television, the plasma emits ultraviolet light, which in turn causes the display at that location to appear a specific color. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container. (In zero gravity, liquids assume a spherical shape.) Both liquid and solid samples have volumes that are very nearly independent of pressure. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except that it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on earth ( Figure 1.6). Gases are also matter if gases did not take up space, a balloon would not inflate (increase its volume) when filled with gas. Solids and liquids are more obviously matter: We can see that they take up space, and their weight tells us that they have mass. Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us. Define and give examples of atoms and molecules.Classify matter as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture with regard to its physical state and composition.Apply the law of conservation of matter.Describe the basic properties of each physical state of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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